To talk about sexuality we must talk about the hormones that are part of this stage in adolescence. The main sex hormones are testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. These trigger physical changes, such as a deep voice and facial hair in boys, and breast development and the onset of menstruation in girls. Hormones are always present in both sexes throughout childhood. But with the onset of puberty the function of hormones changes. In women, estrogen and progesterone fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. These hormones are determined by certain chemicals in the brain that control mood. In men, testosterone has receptors especially in the amygdala, the brain structure that controls aggression or fear. Sex hormones are particularly active in the limbic system, the emotional center of the brain. This explains why adolescents are not only emotionally unstable, but they even seek out emotionally charged experiences.
Sexuality is a fundamental part of adolescence because puberty changes the sexual organs and sexual feelings also appear naturally. Every family has different philosophies and opinions about sexuality. It is essential to understand that biologically it is normal and natural to have sexual emotions when you are a teenager. Adolescence is marked by greater awareness of sexual sensations.
How do I broach the topic of sexuality with my teenager?
Talk openly with your child about sexuality. Remind them that they don't have to feel pressured to have sex and that they can wait until the time is right for them. That is, they don't feel pressure because their friends at school are doing it. All of this can be communicated in a calm way and without your teen feeling judged or embarrassed. You can communicate your values and beliefs about romantic and sexual relationships with your teen to build trust. Also listen to their opinions, fears and concerns. From a health point of view, it is recommended that your teenager use protection or contraceptive methods if they will be having sexual relations to prevent pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. You can advise them that having sex without commitments can cause a lot of emotional pain. Always make sure your teen is safe, and that they have all the information they need to be in a relationship, both sexual and emotional. For example, information about the risks and commitments of having a pregnancy at an early age, and the different types of sexually transmitted infections.
The idea is not to create fear in your teenager but to keep them informed. If you think that these behaviors are already outside of “normality,” it is okay to intervene and seek professional help for your teenager. The most important thing is that your teenager sees that he can trust and count on you so that together you can face all the changes that occur in adolescence. It's okay to have limits and rules, but always make sure there is connection and communication between you and your teenager.
